ToP 10 ProPosaL

Karolina: Ivory Cost

Because their president has to know that his time as leader and control was lost to Qatar and also because the United Nation can give her what is asking for help all those people without food or home in Ivory Cost.

Lizbedy: Indonesia

Because is happening the same in Afghanistan. People don’t deserve to be tortured. Torturing people shouldn’t be done. They need a better government.

Sarah: Honduras

Because discrimination is affecting us allot .Every human should be treated equally. Also because they are killing people want to express how you feel.

John: India

Because Indian women rights are being mistreated and women do need help meaning they need to have a say in the government and they should have more liberty. And I like the idea that he use to help the country.

Airined: Libya

Because it is happening around the world that the death percentage is very high, it need help really quickly.

Luis Carlos: Haiti

Because Haiti is a very poor country. I think that they need allot of help to Haiti become a better country that how it was before.

Miguel C: Somalia

Somalia desperately needs a stable, otherwise people will keep doing whatever they want and violence will become worse. And Somalia would stay the same.

Natalia V: Colombia

Colombia needs people to fight for rights and freedoms as they wish. If not they would stay the same.  They should be help by United Nation.

Yamilette: Saudi Arabia

Women are still being discriminated today. Women should be free. And should have the same liberty that man have.Women that is fighting for their freedom and equality should be help by United Nations.

Gustavo:Italy

because of the racism that still is going on. Racism is a big problem that still exists. The government should stop or take action to stop racism.

Afghanistan ResoLuTioN ProPosaL

Afghanistan is a city with many problems and have not had the luck to have a leader take that forward. First, Afghanistan will need a government. To be acceptable, a new regime in Kabul must meet four conditions: First, it must represent the entire country and not just one or a couple of its many ethnic groups. Second, it must be out of the terrorism business. Third, it must be committed to wiping out the opium poppy crop. And fourth, it must meet some minimal international standard of human right.

The assistance of United Nation should give Afghanistan are: The reintegration of former combatants as productive participants in the country's economic recovery. The revival of economic activity. Fair justice system, democratic institutions, and mechanisms for the protection of human rights. Basic services, such as clean water, sanitation, schools, health care and roads.

To ensure that the country is no longer a haven for terrorists or drug traffic and banning the cultivation of opium poppy. There must be an end to the culture of violence against women. A guarantee that children and their rights will be protected. And securities throughout the country, not just in Kabul, without which any of the things in this long list are going to happen. A national security force and a professional police service are urgently needed.

In conclusion, Afghanistan has allot of issue it need to put an end to all this issue. The abuse of husband against wife is about an 87 %  of domestic abuse and that should end. And another problem is in Afghanistan, 21% of child workers are employed in shops; 13 percent work as street vendors. Others work in vehicle repair, metal workshops, tailoring, and farming I think that they should first get educated and go to school and when they grew up deside what to make with their live. Drug in Afghanistan the opium has risen from the poverty percent they should stop the cultivation of opium as a drug but used as medicine that can be used only when you're sick and prescribed by a doctor. And war has become a big problem in Afghanistan.

AFGHAN human RIGHT

Afghanistan's human rights record remained poor due to weak central institutions, a deadly insurgency, and the country's ongoing recovery from two decades of war. While the government struggled to expand its authority over provincial centers, a few areas remained under the control of regional commanders. There continued to be instances in which security and factional forces committed extrajudicial killings and torture. Extensive reporting of human rights abuses led to increased action against abusers. The following human rights problems were reported:

• torture
• restrictions on freedoms of press, religion, movement, and association
• violence and societal discrimination against women and minorities
• trafficking in persons
• abuse of worker rights and child labor
• drugs

 Terrorist attacks, armed insurgency, and violence continued during the year. Taliban and other antigovernment forces threatened, robbed, attacked, and occasionally killed local villagers, political opponents, and nongovernmental organization (NGO) workers. Increased Taliban, al-Qa'ida, and other antigovernment activity, particularly in the south and southeast, compounded security challenges faced by the government. UN agencies and NGOs temporarily cancelled or curtailed their activities at various times during the year.

Article 5.

• No one shall be subjected to torture or to cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment.

Article 2.

• Everyone is entitled to all the rights and freedoms set forth in this Declaration, without distinction of any kind, such as race, women, workers abuse, treats, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, property, birth or other status. Furthermore, no distinction shall be made on the basis of the political, jurisdictional or international status of the country or territory to which a person belongs, whether it be independent, trust, non-self-governing or under any other limitation of sovereignty.

   link:

http://www.rawa.org/temp/runews/2010/03/25/afghanistan-human-rights-under-pressure.html

http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2005/61704.htm

http://www.rawa.org/temp/runews/2008/10/02/human-rights-violation-in-afghanistan-and-8220-has-doubledand-8221_9834.html

Afghanistan background

   Afghanistan is a land-locked country surrounded by Pakistan and India to the east, Iran to the west, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan to the north, and Tajikistan and China to the northeast. The Hindu Kush mountain range, with its world-famous Khyber Pass, peaks at about 24,000 feet (7,315 meters). The country's land-locked status played significant roles throughout centurie s of historical and social development when invading forces sought control over Asian trading routes and populations. The people of Afghanistan are called Afghans.




Since about 80 percent of Afghanistan population lived outside its cities, religion and kinship formed the basis of most social circles in the male-dominated society. Political, social, and economic chaos overwhelmed Afghanistan at the close of the twentieth century and continued to plague the war-beleaguered nation into 2001. About one-third of the population fled the country when Russia invaded in 1979 occupying it until anticommunist Islamic Afghan ethnic groups joined forces to expel Russian forces in 1989. During Russian occupation more than 2.5 million people fled to Pakistan, another 1.9 million to Iran, and some 150,000 fled to the United States and other countries.





Due to the conditions, Afghanistan had one of the lowest living standards in the world by 1999 with per person gross national product estimated at US$800. In addition, the country's infant mortality rate (149.7) was the world's third highest, and its overall life expectancy (46 years) was the sixteenth lowest in 2000. Significantly, Afghan women suffered the greatest personal loss of freedom during the latter decades of the twentieth century after the controlling Taliban government placed strict prohibitions on their roles, forbidding them from working or attending schools outside their homes or from interacting with unrelated males.





Prior to the onset of civil war, slightly more than two-thirds of Afghanistan's labor force was employed in agriculture, and about one-half of its gross domestic product was agricultural. In 1996 the country exported $80 million worth of fruit, nut, hand woven carpet, wood, cotton, hides, and pelts as well as precious and semiprecious gem products. Afghanistan's largest export product however, was opium. Afghanistan was the world's largest producer of illicit opium in 1999. The major political factions accumulated profits from the illegal drug trade.





 Although Afghanistan experienced invasions by other civilizations most notably Alexander the Great (328 B.C.), Genghis Khan (1219 B.C.) Afghanistan remained a loosely organized tribal society until a tribal council elected Ahmad Shah Durrani, a Pashtun, as king in 1747, formally establishing the country and its monarchy. From 1747 until 1978, all of Afghanistan's rulers were from Durrani's Pashtun extended tribe and, after 1818, all were members of that tribe's Mohammadzai clan. The last member of the Pashtun tribal royal family to rule Afghanistan was Sardar Mohammad Daud, former prime minister and a cousin of King Zahir Shah (who reigned from 1933 to 1973).





Daud seized power in a bloodless military coup in 1973. Daud abolished the monarchy, abrogated King Zahir's 1964 constitution, and declared himself the first president and prime minister of the Afghanistan "republic." In April 1978 members of the communist-inspired People Democratic Party of Afghanistan overthrew Daud, killing him and most of his family. The PDPA attempted to institute broad communist-inspired social reforms that contradicted many deeply held Islamic traditions. Many of PDPA's changes were brutally imposed.  In September 1979, Hafizullah Amin seized power, thus igniting further rebellion. Amin refused to heed Soviet advice on how to stabilize the country and its government so, in December 1979, Russia invaded (killing Amin) and installed Babrak Karmal as prime minister. Even with substantial Russian support, however, the Karmal regime was only able to establish limited control in the area surrounding the capital city of Kabul.




    Health issues

Before the war, the health situation in Afghanistan was among the worst in the world primarily because the health infrastructure was grossly inadequate and mostly limited to urban centers. Protracted conflict since 1978 worsened the inequitable distribution of health manpower and services. The estimated infant mortality rate was 163 per 1000 live births (1993); the under five mortality rate 257 for every 1000 live births (1994); the maternal mortality rate 1700 per 100,000 live births (1993); and life expectancy at birth was 43.7.

The tragedy is that 80 to 85 percent of these diseases can be avoided by preventive measures and by the provision of proper health care, or cured at an affordable cost. However, currently there is only one health center to care for every population group of approximately 100,000. Only 12 percent of pregnant women have access to maternal and emergency obstetric care; only 38 percent of children under one year are fully immunized. These problems are compounded by the fact that fully three-quarters of the nations physicians have left the country resulting in a physician/patient ratio of over 95,000/1. Because of the inadequacy of the health delivery system, a majority of the population relies on indigenous healers such as traditional midwives, herbalists, bone setters and barbers who circumcise, let blood, pull teeth, and perform other curative procedures. Mullahs, sayyids and other specialists prepare curative and protective amulets.

Poverty

Afghanistan is one of the poorest countries in the world. Since the Soviet invasion in 1979, it has been the scene of a series of conflicts that have continued for three decades.Poverty in Afghanistan is widespread throughout rural and urban areas.
The government estimates that 42 per cent of the country’s total population lives below the national poverty line. Another 20 per cent of the people live just above that line and are highly vulnerable to the risk of falling into poverty.
Afghan households tend to be large. They include numerous children and several generations that share the same dwelling. Agriculture is traditionally the major activity for a large portion of the population, but the sector has suffered from nearly 30 years of conflict, low investments and natural disasters. The average size of landholdings is small, and as a result agriculture is rarely the main source of food or income. About two thirds of rural households own some livestock, and farmers also sell their labour.

Article
1. http://www.ruralpovertyportal.org/web/guest/country/home/tags/afghanistan
2. http://countrystudies.us/afghanistan/79.htm
3.http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/5380.htm
4.http://education.stateuniversity.com/pages/1/Afghanistan-history-background.html

celebration of culture

Language and religion

Both Pashtu and Dari  are the official languages of the country. Pashtu is spoken by about 35% of the population while approximately 50% speak Dari.The Turkic languages, spoken by 11% of the population, include Uzbek and Turkmen, and the Nuristanis speak some seven different dialects belonging to the Dardic linguistic group. There are about 30 minor languages, primarily Balochi and Pashai, spoken by some 4% of the population. Almost 99% percent of the population of Afghanistan are Muslim, so the main religion is Islam.

                                                            Traditions,customs,music,dance,art,and food 

Traditional as well as modern Afghan music is unique in appeal and is part of the celebrations. The people indulge themselves during the Nauroz celebration. Afghans are known to display a fierce loyalty to respective tribes. They believe that Islamic law permits every 'believer' to maintain arms when directed by the ruler. This requirement mainly springs from the geographical location and difficult living conditions in the mountains. They flaunt a very simple, but nourishing cuisine that comprises hand baked bread and meat or vegetable preparations. The food is rich and spicy, complimenting the climatic conditions. Their uncomplicated lifestyle has worked both, for and against the people. On the contrary, the Afghans are quite a hardy lot and basically non-interfering. The people of Afghanistan are firm believers in the omnipresent God and follow the principles of Islam. Their customs and way of life are designed to compliment the dictates of the Prophet, location of their country and clanship, essentially in that order. They are very hospitable and loyal people, who value personal honor and responsibility as the fundamentals of social structure. They greet one another with the phrase Assalaam Alaikum, which means 'Peace be with you. The response to the greeting is Waalaikum Assalaam, indicating unison in thought. It is not uncommon to see the highlanders walk bare-foot. It is a custom to remove footwear prior to prayers. Among the other common rules in etiquette that they follow are pointing directions with whole hand instead of one finger, a hand-shake and a pat on the back when men meet and a warm embrace and kissing thrice on alternate cheeks when women meet. Afghan society is kinship based and the traditional customs and practices, vary just a bit from one region to another.The people in Afghanistan celebrate weedings feast days, and religious holidays by public dancing.Afghan music is very different from American music. The beautiful performance of the Attan Dance in the open air has long been a feature of Afghan life.Afghanistan art has a unique heritage but during the three decades of war and conflict much of the arts were stolen from Afghanistan and smuggled mostly to Pakistan but also to Iran and neighboring countries.

Afghanistan etiquette

Etiquette is a code that governs the expectations of social behavior, according to the contemporary conventional norm within a society, social class, or group. Usually unwritten, an etiquette may reflect an underlying ethical code, or it may be codified in written form. Etiquette usually reflects formulas of conduct in which society or tradition have invested.

My wOrLd AfGhAnIsTan

Location : Southern Asia, north and west of Pakistan, east of Iran.

Geography : landlocked; the Hindu Kush mountains that run northeast to southwest divide the northern provinces from the rest of the country; the highest peaks are in the northern Vakhan (Wakhan Corridor)

Population : 29,835,392

Current government type : Afghanistan is an Islamic Republic currently with a parliament. But the Taliban have taken over and threaten the government.

Political state : Afganistans political system is republic country. A Republic system, is when not a monarch or other hereditary head of state.

Education and literacy rates : age 15 and over can read and write total population: 28.1%  male: 43.1% female: 12.6% (2000 est.)

Languages :  Afghan Persian or Dari 50% , Pashto 35% , Turkic languages 11% ,  30 minor languages  4% , much bilingualism .

Religions : Sunni Muslim 80% , Shia Muslim 19% , other 1%

Birth rates : 37.83 births/1,000 population 

Death rates : 17.39 deaths/1,000 population

Life expectancy : 45.02 years

Ethnic groups :  Pashtun 42% , Tajik 27% , Hazara 9% , Uzbek 9% , Aimak 4% , Turkmen 3% , Baloch 2% , other 4% .

Legal system : based on mixed civil and sharia law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction .

Suffrage(voting rights) : 18 years of age; universal .

Unemployment rate : 35%

Population below poverty line : 36%

Industries : small-scale production of textiles, soap, furniture, shoes, fertilizer, apparel, food-products, non-alcoholic beverages, mineral water, cement; handwoven carpets; natural gas, coal, copper .

Communications : The communication in Afghanistan has dramatically increased and modernized with 129,000 telephone main line use.12 million of mobile use. They also communicate through radio, internet, television, and postal service .

Military service : military branches, Afghan Armed Forces: Afghan National Army (ANA, includes Afghan Air Force )AAF). Military service and obligation, 22 years of age; inductees are contracted into service for a 4-year term.

Transnational issues : Pakistan , Afghan, and Coalition military meet periodically to clarify the alignment of the boundary on the ground and on maps; Afghan and Iranian commissioners have discussed boundary monument densification and resurvey; Iran protests Afghanistan's restricting flow of dammed Helmand River tributaries during drought; Pakistan has sent troops across and built fences along some remote tribal areas of its treaty-defined Durand Line border with Afghanistan which serve as bases for foreign terrorists and other illegal activities.